Comparação de geração de energia solar e eólica residencial: custos, vantagens e desvantagens na cidade de Ponta Grossa/PR

Abstract

This work presents a comparative analysis between solar photovoltaic and wind energy for residential use in Ponta Grossa/PR, using data from the Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL), the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), and manufacturers. The research, with a quantitative and comparative approach, evaluates energy performance and economic viability for a residence with an average consumption of 250 kilowatt-hours (kWh)/month. The results show that an average solar irradiance of 4.74 kWh/m²/day allows a 2.4 kilowattpeak (kWp) photovoltaic system to produce approximately 3,113 kilowatt-hours (kWh)/year, fully meeting consumption with an approximate investment of R$ 10,080.00 and a payback period of 3.5 years. In contrast, the average wind speed at 15 meters (3.43 m/s) is insufficient for residential turbines, which require at least 4.5– 5.0 m/s, and the Hummer H3.1 turbine would generate only 700 kWh/year, requiring multiple units, high cost, and a payback period exceeding 11 years. Furthermore, photovoltaic systems are less complex, require little maintenance, and offer greater reliability, while small-scale wind turbines suffer from aerodynamic and structural limitations.