Geografia do voto e as identidades não-normatizadas na Câmara Federal: espacialidades, relações de gênero e racialidades

Abstract

Faced with the scenario in which the anti-conservative discourse that boosted the election of women to the Federal Chamber in 2022, this research raises questions. The central question is: How does the Geography of Voting imply the rise of anticonservative Brazilian politics for women in the 2022 elections? The specific questions are: Does the Geography of Voting influence women's access to the Federal Chamber? What is the profile of the women elected to the Federal Chamber in 2022? Did the anti-conservative discourse influence the electoral success of women elected to the Federal Chamber? These questions gave rise to other issues, such as who these women are, their spatialities and their trajectories until they reached this space characterized by the homogeneity of white, heterosexual men. Therefore, the research looked at the Geography of Voting and Feminist Geographies, focusing on female candidates and elected federal deputies with non-standard identities, and sought to conceptualize intersectionality, space and the Geography of Voting. To put this into context, the trajectory of the women's vote during the three waves of feminism in Brazil and around the world was retraced, and the anti-conservatism born in the midst of a powerful conservative wave that was crossed by the research participants, who are black, indigenous and transgender, was identified. We chose to conduct interviews with the elected female federal deputies, using a script with open questions, online. The target number of participants was 15. The recruitment/invitation was sent to all of them, two were able to grant an interview, so, due to the unavailability of the others, we resorted to interviews granted to the press, captured from YouTube, resulting in six participants. The same questions answered online directly to the researcher were applied to the recorded and transcribed interviews. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats methodology was used to categorize the results and provide an analysis and discussion of the speeches, based on the results of research by Albert Humphrey of Standford University. The results point to the success of the campaign according to the typification of the vote, such as critical vote, opinion vote, left-wing vote, social movement vote, black vote, LGBTQIA+ vote. It can be seen that the majority of those elected are part of the progressive camp, have completed higher education and have had experience of winning previous election campaigns. It was concluded that the anti-conservative discourse among the women elected to the Federal Chamber of Deputies in 2022 was fundamental to their electoral success, noting that among the men elected, this discourse did not achieve the progress that has been consolidated in the female universe.