Avaliação do impacto da inserção de energias renováveis na reserva operativa

Abstract

With the constant need to expand the country’s energy sources, the electricity sector has been exploring several options. However, the Brazilian economy has a history of low operating costs and high reliability and availability. This work aims to study the impact of the growing insertion of renewable sources in the Brazilian electricity matrix, and to warn about the possible results that such an incentive can bring to the national economy. Although most of the energy generated in the country comes from water sources, an important part of the new energies added to the energy matrix has come from other sources, such as wind and solar energy, which have lower operational and implementation costs than hydroelectric plants. Large-sized. This fact puts investments in non-renewable hydraulic projects and the reliability of the Brazilian electricity sector at risk. For the growth of generations from renewable sources, it is necessary to encourage other proposals, such as generations from dispatchable resources, implementation of low tariff methodologies, expansion of the use of electric traction, among others. Before the diversification of the energy matrix, the country can optimally exploit already established sources, in order to improve their use and control, or seek sources with a lower carbon footprint, but with generation control at the dispatch level. This work shows that the high penetration of renewable energies in the country’s electricity matrix brings uncertainties in the operation, which may reduce the reliability of the system. This is due to the need to increase the operating reserve of the system. Brazilian energy planning needs to incorporate new methods and concepts to take into account variables that are currently neglected. Only then will it be possible to have a coherent long-term project that does not jeopardize the country’s economic security, the level of comfort and health achieved, and the necessary social development. It is necessary to have public policies aligned with energy planning that seeks sustainable energy security.