Obtenção e caracterização de fosfato de cálcio proveniente de matéria-prima natural para uso como biomateriais

Abstract

Since the dawn of humanity, man has been trying to replace body parts in a satisfactory and safe way. In this sense, the concept and focus of research on biomaterials have undergone significant advances, and currently the concept of biomaterials can be defined as any component that comes into contact with organic fluids. A biomaterial can be synthetic or natural and after coming into contact with living tissue it is able to act as a partial or total substitute for damaged tissues, or just perform repairs. Possessing great potential as a biomaterial, calcium phosphate is a constituent of human bone. In this context, this compound is used by several health professionals when aiming at the growth of bone tissue with a low probability of rejection in the implanted patient. Considering these characteristics and due to the high biocompatibility, the present work aimed to obtain and characterize calcium phosphate from an economically viable raw material. Chicken egg shells were collected and by acid attack, through wet synthesis with nitric acid (HNO3) and dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) calcium phosphate powder was obtained. Characterization results indicated that the material obtained has the characteristics that confirm the synthesis of calcium phosphate, through X-ray diffraction, values were obtained that determine the following components present: Ca2P2O7 (62%), Ca3(PO4)2 (35%) and CaCO3 (3%) and with the analysis of the EDS it was possible to confirm the Ca/P ratio with the literature, being the mean of the analyzes (Ca/P = 1.60) and literature values for β-TCP (Ca/P = 1.50) and PAH (Ca/P = 1.67). Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to obtain the powder based on calcium phosphate through a low-cost raw material.