Galáxias starburst como fontes de raios cósmicos ultra-energéticos: contribuição para o espectro de energia e composição

Abstract

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is still unknown. However, the view most accepted by scientists is that UHECRs are produced in active astrophysical objects: supernovae, pulsars, active galactic nuclei, Starburst, quasars, and radio galaxies. In recent decades, observatories dedicated to studying UHECRs, such as the Pierre Auger observatory, have made significant advances. In this work, we present the analysis of the possibility of Starburst galaxies, in particular, M82, NGC253, NGC4945, M83, and NGC1068, are sources of UHECRs due to their characteristics: high stellar production when compared to an ordinary galaxy, internal processes that can accelerate particles (stellar winds) and their proximity (distance less than 15 Mpc). The present work also reviews the physics of cosmic rays: the energy spectrum, chemical composition, the Pierre Auger Observatory, the propagation mechanisms, the interactions along its path to Earth, and the interaction of UHECRs with the magnetic field of the Milky Way. During the research, we used the CRPropa3 software for simulating propagation and energy losses of the UHECRs and the CRT for simulating the deflection of UHECRs when interacting with the magnetic field of our Galaxy.