Épocas de semeadura de cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) na região sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most produced cereals in the world and, in Brazil, Paraná is the largest producer. Among other factors, the success of the production of this cereal is largely related to the prevailing climatic conditions, and it is important to validate, for cultivation microregions, the best sowing times to reduce the adverse effects of the climate. The objective of the work was to define the best time to sow wheat for the Dois Vizinhos region, in which cultivars, from different cycles, express their productive potential more. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos. The wheat cultivars CD 1104, TBIO Sinuelo, TBIO Sintonia, TBIO Sossego and TBIO Toruk, were sown in three different seasons, with the first season being the 11th of April, the second season being sowed on the 10th of May and the third season, being sown on May 20th, 2018. The variables analyzed for the yield components were plant height, lodging index, ear size, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, number of plants and number of ears m-2, mass of a thousand grains, weight per hectolitre and productivity. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications, organized in a 3x5 bifactorial scheme (three sowing times and five wheat cultivars), in randomized blocks with three replications. All cultivars showed lower productivity in April sowing, compared to May sowing. Except for the early cycle cultivar, all the others were more responsive when sown on May 10th, indicating that on this date, the materials can express their highest productivity in the studied region.