Compatibilidade entre produtos biológicos e sua eficiência no controle de fitopatógenos de solo patogênicos a cultura da soja

Abstract

The use of alternative methods that guarantee the profitability of the producer's activity, and that assist in reducing the use of chemicals that can cause risks to human and environmental health, becomes a very viable alternative. Among these methods, the use of products of biological origin capable of controlling crop pathogens, assisting in seedling growth and development and in the availability of nutrients. Thus, the work aimed to study the individual use and the compatibility between biological products for the control of soil pathogens pathogenic to soybean culture. The work was conducted at the Plant Health Laboratory of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Dois Vizinhos - PR. Using biological products based on Bacilus subtilis as treatment; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Azospirillum brasiliense and Trichoderma harzianum and also their combination. The pathogens used were Fusarium tucumaniae; Fusarium crassistipitatum; Fusarium brasiliense; Rhizoctonia solani; Macrophomina phaseolina; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Phomopsis longicolla and Phythophotora soyae supplied by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa soja - Londrina-PR). The test performed was the direct pairing test, where the growth of the pathogen colony was verified in the opposite direction to the product, mounted in Petri dishes containing 20 mL of BDA medium and 15 µL of each product according to the treatment, were fixed in an at the end of the plate, parallel to it, 5 cm apart, a disk of the fungus colony of 0.7 cm in diameter was placed. The plates were maintained in BOD with a 12-hour photoperiod and a constant temperature of 25 °C ± 2. Measurements were made every 24 hours, until growth was established. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The data were tabulated and submitted to the Lilliefors Normality Test, the assumptions of the statistical models were confirmed, were submitted to ANOVA by the analysis of variance test (p = 0.05) and the ScottKnott test (p = 0.05), with the aid of the Genes® software. The associations of biological agents demonstrated efficiency in the control of the pathogens F. tucumaniae, F. crassistipitatum, F. brasiliense, M. phaseolina, S. sclerotiorum, P. longicolla and P. soyae. Stop for the pathogen R. solani no treatment showed effective control against the pathogen.