Geração compartilhada de energia elétrica por meio de consórcios e cooperativas

Abstract

In Brazil, the Normative Resolution nº 687 of 2015 of the National Electric Energy Agency established the modality of shared electricity generation, through consortiums and cooperatives. The shared generation, in their modern business models, is usually made up of consumers and prosumers. Consumers are those who wish to take advantage of energy credits from a Distributed Generation (DG), but do not have available area on their land for the DG installation or are in a rented property or do not want to have a financial resource at the moment. Prosumers, in turn, are those who invest in DG plants and lease these plants to consumers. In this sense, the consortium and the cooperative basically make this link, lease the plant to a prosumer who wants to generate energy and commercially exploit equipment and provide it to a consumer who does not want to purchase the equipment at that time, providing high sustainability to the business model. For these and other reasons, the shared generation modality has high applicability and possibility of expansion in Brazil for the coming years. For this modality to be well understood, this study presents an analysis of commercial and contractual relationships between the main parties involved in a consortium and a cooperative. This research was based on legislation, on publications related to shared generation and on interviews carried out with key actors from the main parties involved in these associations, especially considering the projects already installed and in operation in the state of Paraná. With this study, it was possible to characterize the actors that are normally present in a consortium and a cooperative of shared generation and to note that the business model that currently predominates in Brazil is the leasing of the Photovoltaic (PV) generator. It is also noted that the technical procedures performed in the case of a shared generation project are similar to the processes for the implementation of a plant of any other type of DG, with some additional commercial and contractual particularities. These singularities may represent difficulties for the implementation of shared generation, however, the biggest barrier that this modality currently faces is the tax charging. In the research, it was identified that there were and still are dubious points in the standard that covers shared generation. Additionally, the advantages of shared generation for consumers are listed, most of which are financial. For the concessionaire, on the other hand, this modality brought a disadvantage, which is the need to electrically service Dgs in remote regions, where there are no loads. Finally, the study verifies that despite the demands in the installing companies are not many nowadays, the Law nº 14.300/2022 shows itself as positive for the shared generation and the future perspectives for this modality in Brazil are promising.