Características físicas e químicas do solo sob pastejo contínuo e sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

Abstract

The increase in demand for food is linked to the need for production in sustainable systems. The main reasons for the expansion of some systems of production with sustainable vision as the integration of livestock farming would be the degradation of the pastures and the valorization of the commodities. The intense use of animals in both exclusive grazing areas and in integration areas has given rise to several paradigms regarding soil degradation or recovery. From this, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical and chemical attributes, in response to the use of perennial pasture with continuous stocking and crop-livestock integration system. Two areas were evaluated, where one is occupied with Brachiaria brizantha pasture, since 1995, and has never been revolved, and another area in the crop-livestock integration system, with the cultivation of corn silage, soybean in the summer and oats for grazing in the period of winter, being in this rotation since the year of 2010. Both areas are located in the Farm Sinuelo, in the municipalityof Cruzeiro doIguaçu, in the southwest region of Paraná. Soil samples with a preserved structure were collected in January of 2018 and evaluated the variables soil density, microporosity, macroporosity, total porosity and chemical analysis. The results indicated that the use of crop husbandry integration increased the values of base saturation, soil pH, and organic matter compared to the continuous grazing system. Regarding the physical variables, no significant differences were observed. It is concluded that the pasture area is being managed adequately allowing the maintenance of the physical quality of the soil, similar to the integration system for livestock farming.