Análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal dos fragmentos florestais na unidade de conservação Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais, Paraná

Abstract

The assessment of the landscape's forest fragmentation is essential to understand the effects of natural and anthropogenic processes, as well as direct actions aimed at forest management. The Campos Gerais National Park Conservation Unit (Paraná) was created to protect the Campos Gerais and clumps of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, which has a great biodiversity and is in a state of degradation. The area, however, is going through impasses related to the management of the territory, having uses that are not related to its management category and, in addition to the absence of a Management Plan, political conflicts have already occurred, questioning the importance of the site. In this way, studies of multitemporal scales are relevant to understand a Conservation Unit and have helped in the preservation of its forest remnants, as well as predicting changing trends and identifying opportunities for improvement. Through the use of Landscape Metrics and the generation of an Environmental Quality Index, it was possible to examine the land uses of the area and the dynamics of the forest fragments. QGIS and FRAGSTATS software were used to reclassify maps, calculate landscape metrics and calculate the quality of fragments. From 1986 to 2019, the Natural Forest and Agriculture classes decreased their area of occupation in the Campos Gerais National Park, while the Non-Forest Natural Formation and Forestry classes increased. The analysis took place in 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016 and 2019, and despite the fact that the Natural Forest class decreased in this period, there was an occurrence of its restoration, which had large declines in its occupied area from 1986 to 1996 (504, 36 ha), and is probably undergoing a transition process, according to the results attested from 2006 to 2019. The metrics indicate an increase in the number of fragments from 2006 to 2019, and a decrease in the distance between them . At the same time, the Quality Index indicated an increase in the number of Medium to High Quality fragments, despite the decrease in the size of fragments belonging to this class, showing that the transition occurred due to the increase in the number of small recovery fragments and none of them place.