Estudo dos fatores que reduzem o desempenho de sistemas fotovoltaicos com diferentes tecnologias no estado do Paraná

Abstract

The use of photovoltaic solar energy is expanding in Brazil and Paraná. Despite the existence of high levels of irradiation in the state, which indicate great potential for generation through photovoltaic solar energy, there is a need for studies on the behavior in different microclimates of the state and the influence of meteorological factors of each microclimate on the behavior of systems photovoltaics. No studies were carried out regarding the individual influence of each loss factor in different cities in the state of Paraná. Therefore, this dissertation is a study of the loss factors of four different photovoltaic technologies, which are monocrystalline (m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper, indium and gallium diselenide (CIGS) , installed on UTFPR campuses in six different regions of the state of Paraná, which are represented by the cities of Campo Mourão, Cornélio Procópio, Curitiba, Medianeira, Pato Branco and Ponta Grossa. For this, merit index values were calculated and loss factors were estimated through data processing, field measurements using IxV curve plotter, and laboratory simulation. The average annual performance rate of the systems ranged between 76.03% in CIGS technology in Pato Branco and 86.47% in CdTe technology in Medianeira, with CdTe technology having the highest annual performance rate values in most of the campuses in 2020, and in 2021 it ranged between 66.58% in the CIGS technology from Cornelio Procópio and 86.71% in the CdTe technology from Medianeira. Regarding the specific analysis of each loss, the maximum efficiency losses in the inverters were considerable in relation to the general losses in most of the studied campuses, even on losses related to the inverters, the effect of overloading varied according to the irradiance condition and the tolerance of inverters. Furthermore, temperature losses were lower in Cornélio Procópio, a system installed on the roof of a building, and dirt losses were higher in systems with crystalline technologies. Regarding degradation, the Curitiba systems did not present hot-spots, and obtained values varying between 3.47% in CIGS and 13.02% in CdTe. In conclusion, there is a need to evaluate the way in which the systems are installed to maximize the effect of winds on the systems and, consequently, reduce the temperature, as well as avoid designing overloaded systems in Campo Mourão, Medianeira and Ponta Grossa, in addition to carrying out more frequent cleaning in crystal clear technologies.