Ensino de ciências e investigação: possibilidades de aprendizagem para alunos do ensino médio por meio de atividades experimentais

Abstract

This work consists of an exploratory research that aimed to investigate and analyze, by means of questionnaires, the conditions of schools and natural science classes in the region, seeking to promote science education that enables learning using experimental investigation. In addition to a bibliographic survey, questionnaires were also applied with teachers and students from the State Education network of the Santa Fé do Sul micro-region in order to help in the preparation of didactic scripts and later, in their analysis. At first, a questionnaire was prepared regarding the topics of interest to the students and their vision of what an exciting science class should be like. A second questionnaire was sent to the teachers, in order to understand their difficulties in applying experimental classes, their point of view in relation to the challenges of these classes and their ideas of how they should be. Altogether 12 teachers and 37 students from 4 different cities participated in the survey, answering the questionnaires through the Google Forms online platform. The responses were analyzed using sector and bar graphs, generated by the platform itself, in addition to tables where the essay responses were organized. Thus, it was possible to better understand the situation and conditions of some schools in the region, making it possible to think of ways to simplify the organization of activities carried out by teachers and at the same time to think of ways to better organize students, with a view to a better experience of practical activities and a better level of learning for students and why not, teachers. The data obtained through the questionnaires were used as a basis for the construction of a booklet, with scripts for making basic equipment. The scripts presented show that it is possible with little or no expense, to carry out experiments or assemble equipment that can be reused several times.