Cidades inteligentes e cidades sustentáveis: uma análise comparativa à luz da literatura e das ISOS: 37120:2018 e 37122:2019

Abstract

Cities faces several challenges regarding population growth and unsustainable development and drives an important role in the lookimg for Sustainability. As part of these challenges, the solutions that lead to the term Smart City emerge, which promise to improve urban services, improve quality of life and make innovation and Sustainability converge. However, there are uncertainties about the capacity of the technological potential of Smart Cities to promote significant improvements that lead to the perspectives of Sustainable Cities. Smart labeling is criticized for being heavily focused on the use of technologies while environmental and social issues receive few contributions. In this context, we sought to evaluate the Smart Cities concept, in order to verify points of convergence between this and the perspectives of Sustainable Cities. To this end, a bibliographic review and analysis of the ISO 37120: 2018 and ISO 37122: 2019 standards was carried out, conducted for a comparison between the approaches of the scientific literature and the standards cited. The results found point to favorable contributions from Smart Cities to assist with the perspectives of Sustainable Cities, in the following aspects: Quality of Life, Quality Health and Urban Environment, Resilience, Education, Management of Environmental Resources, Management of Environmental Impacts, Food and Sustainable Agriculture, Urban Mobility, Sustainable Buildings and Constructions, Water and Sanitation, Waste Management, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy. On the other hand, it was found that aspects related to the environmental and social impacts of ICTs, SocioEnvironmental Justice and Social Equity as critical issues between one concept and another. The analysis of the ISOs revealed that the Indicators for Smart Cities are concentrated in: Transport, Energy and Solid Waste. There is a small number of indicators in governance, recreation and security, in addition to the Environment and Climate Change. For Sustainable Cities it has more relevance: Energy, Security and Solid Waste, where the small number of indicators for Environment and Climate Change and also Local Urban Agriculture and Food Security stands out, the latter has a higher number in Smart Cities. In addition, it was inferred that technological solutions are facilitators of contemporary society, but they must be accompanied by public policies and long-term urban planning, where human and social capital is fundamental for the relationship between technology and society to be positive.