Otimização da produção de biomassa de microalgas em sistema biológico de tratamento de gases de uma churrascaria

Abstract

Microalgae are organisms with high metabolic versatility, capable to use organic carbon sources such as glucose or inorganic carbon sources, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). This can be fixed by microalgae from the atmosphere, from soluble carbonates dissolved on the water or from industrial effluents when coupled to treatment system. The research developed in a barbecue restaurant Churrascaria Devon’s where using a biological treatment system with microalgae, gaseous and volatile emissions are partially treated. The aim of this study was to optimize biomass production of microalgae from two different inoculums (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Devon's mix) in open (boxes) and closed (Panel Photobioreactor) cultivation systems. To monitor the growth of microalgae, the quantification cellular method was standardized by correlation (R2) between absorbance (682nm) Chlorophyll a (mg.m-3) and dry weight (g.L-1). Additionally were calculated some parameters as, maximum specific growth rate (μmax), maximum biomass productivity (Pmax) and maximum cellular density (MCD) of the cultures. Biochemical analyses for lipids, carbohydrates and proteins were performed in both biomasses from optimized cultivations. The results indicated that in the open system the smoke was the most significant variable in the production of biomass, followed by addition of medium CHU and inoculum type. The D. Subspicatus in a closed system shows the in the end of 21 days of cultivation was 1, 63 g.L-1 of dry biomass (733, 32 mg.m-3 Chl-a) six times above if compared with cultivation open systems. The same was observed with the Devon's mix, that during the same time shows 1, 27 g.L-1 of dry biomass (690 mg.m-3 Chl -a) in the closed system, a value three times larger than in an open system. With the alkalinity and pH values was possible to confirm that, the bicarbonate (HCO3-) was the predominant form of inorganic carbon during the cultivation. Centrifugation was an efficient method of cell recovery from both microalgae cultures; the centrifugation time was the most significant variable for S. Scenedesmus and the rotations per minute to Devon's mix. The biochemical quantification showed for the S. Scenedesmus microalgae 16,77 % of lipid content, 28,17% of total carbohydrates and total protein of 35,3 %. To the Devon’s mix, the total lipid content was 23,23 %, carbohydrates of 27,60% and total protein of 31,9 %, on total dry biomass. These results showed the possibility of using biomass of microalgae from treatment of greenhouse gases systems.in the food, cosmetic and energy industry.