Autenticidade, integridade e anonimidade no sistema de votação eletrônica do Brasil

Abstract

Technology has been growing gradually in recent years and more and more processes become electronic. Thus, it is extremely important that some safety standards be applied to these processes. Democracy is one of the processes that has become electronic over the years, and Brazil, as one of the countries with the largest democracy in the world, has also started the informatization of the vote process. The advantages that an all-electronic voting process brings to an election are notorious. However it is important to note that, in addition to advantages, such as rapid vote counting and the availability of results, there are technological issues to be addressed to prevent fraud and system failures, ensuring a fair process. In this sense, this paper presents a systematic mapping carried out in the area of electoral security, which seeks the main information about electronic voting systems used in the world, and a case study that analyzes what are the problems faced in the Brazilian electronic process, for later comparison of both systems. The results show some similarities and differences between the systems used by Brazil and the world, how is the case such as the system used in some states of the United States of America. The system in question has a wide variety of security mechanisms and is capable of detecting fraud, just as the Brazilian electronic system, which also has several security mechanisms, is capable of detecting unauthorized modifications. On the other hand, the system used by India presents significant differences in the voter authentication process, since Brazil has adopted biometrics for this process, and India uses an indelible ink to mark voters who are released to vote. Most notable is the technological evolution of Brazil, given the prominence obtained in society with the insertion of technology in the electoral system.