Efeito alelopático de subprodutos do processo de vinificação sobre plantas daninhas e culturas olerícolas

Abstract

Weeds possess high capacity competition and colonization of soil, being necessary for your control fast and effective methods. In vegetable gardens the high use of chemical herbicides are prioritized, oftentimes, due to lack of records are not appropriate for the crop. In order to reduce the use of these agricultural inputs, the present work sought an alternative control, aiming to evaluate the allelopathic effect of by-products of the French grape, generated by the agroindustry of its derivatives, on major weeds and olive groves. Was made the drying and milling this material, turning it into a powder, that in the first experiment in vegetation house was mixed in pots with capacity of 8L, containing soil, in concentrations of 0, 3, 6 e 9 t ha-1, each pot containing two plant of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), or four weeds of the species: Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus sp. and Brachiaria sp., considered the main weeds in vegetable gardens The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized with four repetitions. The plants were conducted for 30 days receiving drip irrigation. At the end of the period were evaluated the stem diameter, shoot length, number of leaves and dry mass. In the second experiment in the laboratory, was used the completely randomized design with four replications, where each experimental unit contained 25 seeds of each species mentioned above, conditioned in gerbox boxes, allocated in germinator, under temperature of ± 25°C. For a period of eight days were realized daily counts of germinated seeds, and at the end of this period the following variables were evaluated: germination rate, percentage of germination, percentage of vigor, total fresh mass, shoot length and root length. With the olerícolas coming from the experiment in vegetation house were performed with biochemical parameters, as content of reducing sugars, total sugars, phenolic compounds and total proteins. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey test (P≤0,05). Was verified that the grape by-products harmed the germination, emergence and development of weeds and olerocarps studied, Therefore, its use in vegetable gardens would control weeds, but it would also harm the commercial crops. However, further studies should be performed with a view to verifying which compound present in the grape causes these effects.