Estudo sobre a localização de aterros sanitários e estações de transbordo de resíduos sólidos urbanos na microrregião de Campo Mourão, Paraná

Abstract

Given the environmental impacts associated with the inadequate management of Urban Solid Waste (USW), current research has given special attention to the disposal sites of these materials. This work had as objective to present a study about the location of sanitary landfills and USW transshipment stations of the microrregion of Campo Mourão municipalities, Paraná. The parameters for analysis of the location used in this study were based on the legal requirements of the state of Paraná listed in Resolution n° 094/2014 of the State Environmental Council of Paraná for sanitary landfill areas: minimum distance of 1500 m population centers, 300 m of isolated residences and 200 m of water bodies; and Portaria n° 187/2013 of the Environmental Institute of Paraná for transhipment station areas: minimum distance of 400 m of population centers, 200 m of isolated residences and 200 m of public domain roads. In the mapping of distances, three buffers were generated for sanitary landfills: 1,500 m, 300 m and 200 m. Two buffers were generated for the transhipment stations: 400 m and 200 m. Based on the methodology used, it was possible to observe areas that would fulfill all the expected criteria and areas that would partially fulfill these criteria. When evaluating the general situation of transhipment areas and final disposal of USW in the microrregion, we note the attempt to minimize the environmental impacts associated with inadequate USW management, as evidenced by the adoption of transhipment units and the absence of dumps in the areas analyzed. In this context, it can be inferred that the transhipment stations are characterized as a quick and palliative measure in the elimination of inadequate forms of final disposal of residues, mainly in small municipalities with technical and financial limitations for installation and maintenance of sanitary landfills. For a more detailed analysis of the areas location, since the selection period of some of these locations is anterior to the legal base used as reference, it is suggested as future research the analysis of the legal and normative criteria in force at the time of the selection of the areas, the history of land occupation and data collection in loco.