Investigação do potencial energético de estacionamentos solares fotovoltaicos quanto ao suprimento local e de veículos elétricos

Abstract

In 2016, the transportation sector accounted for 25% of the world’s fuel-burning greenhouse gas emissions. In Brazil, this percentage is approximately 9% of the country’s total emissions, due to the strong dependence of road network for freight and passenger transportation. The use of electrical vehicles for passenger’s transportation has been increasing around the world, thus being part of the global discussion as future of mobility, and also, as a sustainable solution, due to its capacity of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, this sustainable characteristic is associated with the emission factor of the electric matrix of each country. Reliancy on an electric matrix based on fossil fuels burning would eliminate the sustainable character of electric vehicles. Thanks to the large share of renewables sources in the Brazilian electricity matrix, this low emission characteristic remains. However, in the medium and long term it is necessary to identify how the new energy demand of electric vehicles will be met, keeping the emission factor of the electric sector low. Thus, this dissertation aims to investigate the synergy between electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems, as instruments of economic management, CO2 reduction and social use tool, through a pilot plant developed at Federal Technology University – Paraná, Curitiba campus, Neoville headquarters.The pilot plant developed has the capacity to charge daily from 4 to 12 electric vehicles, depending on the vehicle model and travel pattern. In the projection of deployment of solar energy generation for the entire parking lot of the UTFPR, Neoville headquarters, it would be possible to meet all the Neoville consumption, and also to generate excess credits to reduce the energy costs of the other Curitiba headquarters, meeting up to 13% of their total demand. With all this energy potential, it would also be possible to charge from 2 to 6 thousand electric vehicles per day, avoiding carbon emissions equivalent to 0,05% of Paraná State transport sector. The potential for reducing CO2 emissions from solar powered electrical vehicles is up to 98% compared to diesel, 90% compared to gasoline, 71% considering ethanol and 62% when compared to the use of the 2018 Brazilian electric matrix.