Desenvolvimento de sistema de aquecimento solar de baixo custo e complexidade técnica

Abstract

The development of technologies for obtaining and storing solar energy has brought several innovations in distinct areas such as heating, lighting, cooking as well as industrial uses. Among these technologies, solar heating technology stands out for being easy to install in homes and with great socioeconomic impact, reducing energy consumption for heating, which corresponds to almost ¼ of residential consumption. Reducing consumption reduces the need for new hydroelectric and nuclear power plants and their environmental impacts. In this work, two solar collectors of low cost were developed, one being indicated for flat roofs, denominated divergent spiral collector and the second, denominated collector system "S", that can be installed directly on inclined roofs. The tests were conducted using a digital thermometer with two thermocouples in batch mode, with passive water circulation, added to the UTFPR meteorological station data, in order to verify the temperature of the collector inlet and outlet, in a thermally insulated tank and a conventional one. The incidence of winds and precipitation were also analyzed. Through the results, it was possible to conclude that the "S" system proved to be highly feasible to be implemented in residences due to its ability to be installed in inclined roofs quickly and without the need for specific technical knowledge. This work resulted in two prototypes being that the S system obtained a patent registered in the INPI attesting its originality and guaranteeing the institution its intellectual property as well as they brought a significant reduction in the cost of construction and the quantity of connections, being these points of failure, besides easy to manufacture. With the use of 100 meters of hose, the collector "S" reached a temperature peak of 44ºC, where the thermal gains during the day reached 17.9ºC, heating the thermally insulated reservoir (boiler), with a capacity of 100 liters, added to the 49.1 liters of water contained in the collector. In this way, the system heated 149.1 liters, providing a thermal gain that would consume 49.78kW with the use of electrical resistance. These results show the feasibility and functionality of the proposed invention, indicating the possibility of large-scale implementation.