A articulação trabalho, educação e tecnologia: uma análise a partir dos pressupostos de Makarenko

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the articulation between work, education and technology under the premises of Makarenko, in relation to promoting human emancipation. The dialectical historical materialism was chosen because it resembles a social model of an individual in relation the world that will be learned and lived by the same emancipated. Thus, through the relation of the subject to the social environment, it is recognized as an emancipated social being; however, it is reiterated that it is the circumstances and types of relationship that the subject maintains with the social environment that enable its emancipation (or not). The proposed analysis operates with the assumptions of Anton Semichovich Makarenko (1888-1939), a Russian educator who, since childhood, has taken a stand for the struggle of the working class. The methodological proposal of this research is based on the conceptual analysis on the proposed theme, based on the bibliographic review of the theme. The construction of this dissertation is done in two chapters, namely: in the first, the categories of work, education and technology based on dialectical historical materialism are conceptualized and the articulation between them based on the main works of Marx, Lukács and Makarenko is analyzed. In the second, the study of the works of Makarenko begins to deepen, starting from the panorama of events that determined the educational practice of the author. Some of the conceptions and difficulties regarding the implementation of a socialist pedagogy are analyzed, especially those related to the life and work experience of this author, as well as the relation of the discipline and collective categories. Finally, the articulation of the concepts of discipline, collectiveness, work and technology in Makarenko's pedagogy is analyzed, based on polytechnic education focused on human emancipation. It is considered that the problem of violence and delinquency faced by Makarenko, while recognizing and / or transposing the peculiarities of the context of his lived time, has today the same degree of importance for our society. Structural difficulties (lack of a decent work perspective, abandonment of the basic services for the poor), material (pauperization of the population) and affective (family disruption) in which our children and adolescents live today compel most youngsters to violence and delinquency. However, the prospects of the State's response to a solution of such questions are few. In such context, rescuing the assumptions of Makarenko’s socialist pedagogy, supported in articulation between work, education and technology, makes sense, and should help us think about the socio-pedagogical issues of reality and the chance of human emancipation.