Extrato de própolis verde no controle de helmintos gastrointestinais de ovinos e caprinos: estudos in vitro e in vivo

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of chemical anthelmintics without proper knowledge of the management to be adopted as well as the characteristics of the product and animal to be treated can cause parasitic resistance, which can be reduced when adopting alternative control methods, using products of natural origin. This work aimed to evaluate the potentiality of the use of green propolis on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal helminths of sheep (in vitro) and their anthelmintic efficacy in goats (in vivo). First, the percentage of phenolic acids, flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of green propolis used were determined in order to establish the main chemical compounds present and their respective amounts. The effects of the herbal remedy on eggs and larvae of the gastrointestinal helminths of sheep evaluated by means of tests predicted percentages of egg hatchability and inhibition of larval migration of helminths. In a second step, the effects of the green propolis extract were observed directly on animals. Boer goats were divided into three experimental groups: T1 – glycerin treatment (animals receiving liquid double - distilled glycerin), T2 - green propolis extract (0,3g / kg PV) and T3 - anthelmintic chemical - monepantel. Both experimental groups received the test products on the seventh day of the experimental period, fecal material samples for analysis of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and coproculture were carried out until the 60th. The ocular mucosa coloration was determined on all days of collection by the Famacha method. Blood samples were collected for hemogram and serum biochemical profile. The FEC reduction test (FECRT) was performed with the objective of predicting the degree of reduction in helminth contamination for the different products. The propolis used presented a great chemical composition, compounds such as tannins and different phenolics guaranteed the anthelmintic activity of the same. High antioxidant activity was observed by the technique of antioxidant capacity of iron reduction. No egg hatchability was observed when the concentration of 99.99 mg mL-1 of the herbal product was used, the same concentration inhibited more than 97% of the larvae migration. The values of EPG and Famacha were better for monepantel when compared to green propolis. The chemical anthelmintic showed a 64% reduction in FECRT contamination. According to the hemogram results, propolis had a positive effect on the immune system of the animals, reducing the possible occurrence of inflammatory processes or even their intensity. Infections of both treatments presented higher proportions of H. contortus in relation to other species of helminths. Propolis was efficient in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants, while controlling eggs and larvae of helminths.