Análise técnico-financeira de uma usina fotovoltaica de 75 kW: comparação de configurações com e sem transformador

Abstract

The growing demand for renewable energy sources has driven the development and implementation of large-scale photovoltaic power plants. In this context, this study aims to design and analyze the technical and financial feasibility of a 75 kW photovoltaic power plant, considering two distinct configurations: (1) inverters with direct output at 220 V and (2) inverters with output at 380 V associated with transformers. The adopted methodology includes collecting technical data on the equipment, analyzing the characteristics of the inverters and transformers available on the market, and calculating energy losses in each configuration. In addition, the implementation and operation costs of the plant are evaluated, covering expenses related to equipment, labor, maintenance, and regulatory requirements. For the financial analysis, indicators such as simple and discounted payback, as well as the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), are applied, allowing for an accurate estimate of the investment return period and project profitability. The results are presented through comparative tables, highlighting the differences between the analyzed configurations in terms of energy efficiency, costs, and economic feasibility. Thus, the study seeks to identify the most advantageous alternative for the implementation of the plant, contributing to decision-making in photovoltaic projects.