Análise de estabilidade do sistema de distribuição com alta penetração de geração fotovoltaica e impactos das variações de tensão por inversão de fluxo

Abstract

The generation of electricity from renewable sources has grown significantly in Brazil, especially photovoltaic solar energy, driven by regulatory incentives, technological advances and the search for sustainability. In 2024, the installed capacity of solar energy in the country exceeded 50 GW, representing around 21% of the national electricity matrix. The expansion of distributed generation was favored by ANEEL regulations, which allowed the injection of surplus energy into the electricity grid, making the sector more attractive, despite the high initial cost of installation. However, technical and regulatory challenges have arisen, especially due to the inversion of the flow of power in the distribution networks, which can impact the stability of the electricity system. Resolution 1,098/2024 imposed new guidelines for the analysis of flow inversion, resulting in the suspension of several distributed generation projects. As a result, Bill 624/23 is once again gaining prominence, as it proposes adjustments to the legislation to protect micro-generation, while mini generation is still subject to specific regulations. Given this scenario, this study seeks to analyze the impacts of reverse flow on the electricity grid, propose strategies to mitigate its effects and explore the prospects of the photovoltaic market in Brazil, considering the importance of diversifying the energy matrix for sustainable development.