Avaliações agronômicas e ecofisiológicas em populações segregantes de feijoa

Abstract

Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. (Myrtaceae), known as feijoa, is a native fruit tree in process of domestication, with high economic and alimentary potential. As a result, studies on the species become increasingly necessary to make production viable and to leverage the fruit distribution in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of segregated individuals to determine superior characteristics for genotype selection. Besides, it sought to determine possible climatic influences for pollen viability and to propose a diagrammatic scale for assessing the severity of anthracnose. The evaluated parameters were: flowering phenology, pollen viability and storage, fruit quality and yield components, and a diagrammatic scale for anthracnose severity. Phenology was carried out in an orchard located in Pato Branco-PR, containing 60 individuals from the crosses between the cultivars Nonante, Helena, and Alcântara. In the second experiment, the in vitro pollen germination from populations of the Pato Branco-PR and Água Doce-SC orchards was carried out in 2017. Incubation time, culture media, storage time, and difference between sites were analyzed. For the quality evaluations and fruit yield components, the genotypes of the orchard located in EMBRAPA / EPAGRI Forest Reserve, Caçador-SC, during the harvests of 2017 and 2018 were used. Physicochemical parameters such as total weight, pulp yield, diameter / length ratio, soluble solids content, and fruit yield were analyzed. The evaluations for the diagrammatic scale were carried out in the 2015/2016 cycle, in fruits from the Pato Branco-PR orchard. After the scale validation, the incidence and severity of anthracnose in these fruits were estimated. The analyzes revealed that the addition of H3BO3 significantly increases the in vitro germination tests of feijoa pollen. This remained with good viability up to 90 days of storage at -18 ° C. Under the conditions studied, the climate has not influenced the pollen viability. The cultivar Helena presented greater production of flowers. The Pato Branco-PR progenies begin in early bloom, occurring between September and October. The most important criteria were the 1001xHelena, 1006 x Pomar, 1013 x Pomar and 1004 x 1035 crosses as having the upper variable in relation to the analyzed variables, and the substitutes are included in the breeding work. Also, it was possible to highlight the importance to use the diagrammatic scale for reliability and accuracy of the evaluators to estimates the anthracnose severity in feijoa.