Estudo fisiográfico, geoquímico e proposta de zoneamento ambiental da sub-bacia do Córrego Felicidade - oeste do Paraná

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to provide an integrated assessment of the physiographic organization, environmental quality, and territorial planning of the Felicidade stream sub-basin, located in the municipalities of Santa Helena and Entre Rios D'Oeste, in western Paraná, in order to support management and conservation strategies for natural resources at the local level. The research was structured using a systemic approach, articulating spatial, physicochemical, and environmental planning analyses. Initially, the physiographic characterization of the sub-basin was carried out through the integration of hydrographic, geomorphological, and land use and land cover data, supported by geotechnologies applied to thematic mapping and morphometric analysis. The results showed a hierarchically organized and welldistributed drainage network, associated with a relief that favors water infiltration and regulates surface runoff. However, the predominance of agricultural activities and insufficient vegetation cover in permanent preservation areas were observed, configuring a scenario of anthropogenic pressure on natural systems. Subsequently, further details about the dissertation follow. The environmental quality assessment of the sub-basin was based on the integrated analysis of physicochemical parameters of water and sediments, combined with the pseudototal quantification of metals. Samples were collected at representative points in the drainage network, with in situ measurements of limnological variables and laboratory analyses based on established protocols. The results indicated that the water quality parameters generally remained within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. In the sediments, a predominance of sandy texture was observed, with low phosphorus content and no significant metal contamination, as the observed concentrations remained compatible with regional reference values and national and international guidelines. Variations in copper and iron content were attributed to geogenic factors, reflecting the lithological composition and local geochemical conditions. Finally, an environmental zoning plan was developed based on the integration of the data obtained, including the delimitation of permanent preservation areas, priority zones for environmental recovery, and areas intended for oriented productive use. The analysis revealed the occurrence of land use conflicts, especially due to the inadequate occupation of protected areas, deficiencies in sanitation, and the proximity of intensive agricultural activities to water bodies. Conversely, areas with potential for ecological restoration and for the adoption of conservation practices capable of reconciling production and conservation were identified. In an integrated manner, the results demonstrate that, although the sub-basin does not currently present significant impairment of environmental quality, the identified anthropogenic pressures configure a scenario of potential vulnerability. Thus, the importance of adopting continuous strategies for monitoring, territorial planning, and environmental management is reinforced, in order to ensure the maintenance of ecosystem services, the protection of water resources, and the socio-environmental sustainability of the study area.