Marcadores moleculares associados a resistência da soja (Glycine max) ao nematoide do cisto (Heterodera glycines): uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of great global importance in various aspects, ranging from economic to nutritional. Breeding programs for this species aim to develop cultivars that not only excel in yield but also possess traits that enable the expression of their productive potential and ensure effective management, such as resistance to pathogens. One of the microorganisms that has caused significant damage to soybean crops is the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), and one of the most effective management strategies has been the use of resistant cultivars. The use of molecular markers in breeding programs can serve as a valuable tool to optimize the selection of resistant varieties, accelerating the development and identification of new genotypes. Molecular markers based on the TaqMan® amplification system have gained prominence due to their high specificity and reliable results. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a review, based on published articles, to identify molecular markers, particularly those associated with the Rhg locus, that are compatible with TaqMan® amplification. The methodology consisted of a literature review to catalog existing molecular markers based on identified genomic sequences, with the goal of pinpointing efficient markers that could be incorporated into the routine workflow of breeding programs. Specific molecular markers were identified for the Rhg1, Rhg4, and Rhg2 loci, such as those based on the GmSNAP18, GmSHMT08, and GmSNAP11 genes, respectively, which can be utilized in breeding programs through the TaqMan® platform. These molecular markers enable the precise identification of resistance alleles and gene pyramiding, making them valuable toolsfor the development of cultivars with resistance and better adaptation to the current demands of soybean cultivation. Therefore, the application of these molecular markers in breeding programs through marker-assisted selection is an efficient strategy to accelerate soybean genetic improvement, particularly for the development of cultivars resistant to the soybean cyst nematode.