Líquens como bioindicadores de qualidade do ar em dois parques municipais de Francisco Beltrão

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the main global environmental challenges, directly affecting human health and urban ecosystems. In this context, this study assessed air quality in two municipal parks in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Parque Alvorada and Parque Irmão Cirilo, using lichens as environmental bioindicators. The methods included microbiological analysis, visual evaluation of lichen coloration, pH measurement, ash content determination, and colorimetric analysis (CIE Lab system). The results indicated significant differences between the environments studied. In Parque Alvorada, the predominance of septate hyphae, more intense colors (orange and yellow), lower pH (more acidic), greater accumulation of inorganic materials, and lower brightness in the colorimetric analysis suggested greater exposure to air pollution. In contrast, Parque Irmão Cirilo exhibited coenocytic hyphae, softer colorations, neutral pH, and lower particulate deposition, consistent with a more preserved environment. Previous studies reinforce the relevance of these parameters, highlighting the sensitivity of lichens to atmospheric pollutants This research demonstrated that lichens are effective indicators of air quality, allowing the mapping of areas with different pollution levels. These findings contribute to urban environmental monitoring and provide support for sustainable public policies in medium-sized cities such as Francisco Beltrão.