Análise biomecânica da osteossíntese da fratura do plato tibial tipo Schatzker V por meio do método dos elementos finitos

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate, for a fracture in the tibial plateau Schatzker type V the best mechanical stability based on a hybrid fixation technique composed by plates, screws and Kirschner wires, comparing two fixation methods: the first one using conventional plates and screws and the second one using blocked plates and screws.The project was carried out from the modeling of the bone-wire-implant set in a CAD environment using Autodesk Fusion 360®. Subsequently, the analysis was made using the finite element method, which is of great use to accurately visualize the expected mechanical behavior in physical tests. ANSYS Workbench® was used for pre, post-processing of analyzes and as a solver. The evaluation criteria adopted for the comparison was the relative displacement between the bone fragments after loading at the region of the fracture. The smaller the relative displacements are at the region, the bone consolidation gets a major efficiency, thus, the recovery time is lower for the patient. The osteosynthesis through blocked plates, self-locking screws and Kirschner wires have shown to be superior to that of conventional plates and wireless Kirschner blocked plates, once they presented smaller relative displacements in the most critical region in this type of fracture.