Análise energética e exergética de caldeira do setor sucroenergético do polo noroeste paulista

Abstract

The evaluation of components within a steam generation system allows the sugar and ethanol industries to adapt the use of fuel in the cogeneration process. Present in the context of the diversification of the Brazilian energy matrix, and encouraged by the search for the use of renewable sources, thermoelectric plants fed with sugarcane bagasse play an important role in the internal supply of energy, as an alternative to water scarcity and replacement of fossil fuels. The characteristic thermodynamic process that operates in this sector is the steam power cycle, and this work presents the energy and exergy analysis of a boiler fed with sugarcane bagasse, located in the northwest pole of São Paulo, through the first and second laws of thermodynamics, using mass balances and delimiting control volumes to obtain their energy losses and exergy destruction, calculating their energy and exergy efficiencies. The study allows the evaluation of the fluidized bed boiler, directly responsible for steam production, with its specificities, and presents possibilities for increasing yield in the process of generating electrical and thermal energy. The results obtained were consistent with related engineering studies, presenting first law efficiencies varying between 75% and 90%, while second law efficiencies were lower than those of the first law.