Estudo comparativo de gomas utilizadas no processo de engomagem de fios 100% algodão

Abstract

During the process of fabric formation, warp yarn is subjected to deformation modes that include stretch, abrasion, and bending and, consequently, are susceptible to breakage, causing looms to stop, decreasing their productivity, and creating defects in the fabric. Therefore, it is necessary to sizing the yarns, a stage that is part of the preweaving process, which consists in impregnating the yarn with in sizing solution in order to form a film on your surface, with the objective of improving your resistance and tenacity. In view of this, the present work aims at the comparative study between sized agents used in the sizing process, using 100% cotton yarn, with title Ne 12 (carded), ironing is done with natural gum, based on cassava starch, and synthetic gum, based on polyvinyl alcohol and acrylate. In addition, the ironing process was carried out by varying the pressures, which were 2Kgf/cm² and 5Kgf/cm², based on the NIP test. Therefore, the yarns were ironed in solutions prepared with the different types of gums, controlling their viscosity and percentage of solids. Mechanical tests were carried out to measure the physical properties of the yarns, gravimetric analysis was carried out to calculate the gum loads in the samples and, finally, statistical analysis of the ironed yarns was carried out, where tensile tests were carried out on the samples to obtain results on their toughness and elongation, using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test to identify significant differences between the samples. In view of all the difficulties founded during the work, such as variations in the process of ironing the yarns and also in the tensile test, the expected results were not completely achieved, but the study validated the theory, showing that an excessive increase in the gum load has a negative influence on the elongation of the yarns.