Análise multidimensional de emissões no ciclo de pouso e decolagem (LTO) no aeroporto internacional de Curitiba durante a implementação da navegação baseada em performance (PBN)

Abstract

The concern about the impact produced by air activity led the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to carry out studies and assess this impact on the environment. Part of this assessment has been based on studies promoted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Among the actions developed by the ICAO is the implementation of the Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) concept, which corresponds to the change from traditional navigation, oriented based on sensors installed on land, to a navigation concept that combines the use of satellite systems, ground equipment, aircraft on-board systems and crew training, resulting in performance requirements for navigation of aircraft em route, in procedures for arrival or departure, optimizin and reducing polluting gas emissions. The thesis is defended that even though the PBN procedures are defined in their own regulations, based on international air traffic control standards, and that they have as part of their objectives to contribute to the mitigation of the environmental impact in the reduction of emissions by throughout the flight on routes, there is a need to approach it from a multidimensional approach covering aspects of the behavior of the Landing and Takeoff Cycle (LTO) in airports covered by airspaces where the PBN was implemented, including the analysis of emissions of gases in the atmosphere such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Oxides (Nox), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4) identifying the areas where they occur. The study interconnects the PBN concept from the perspective of sustainable development and sustainability, not limited to the specific use of the technique and technology itself. The research is characterized as applied in nature with a quantitative approach. As for the objectives, it is classified as exploratory and descriptive, using the ETL Method and database analysis based on Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and Microsoft Excel graphical analysis. The delimitation of the work covers the LTO Cycle at the International Airport of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, comprising movements and flights that occurred between 2016 and 2019 in periods that precede and follow the implementation of the PBN in the South Region. The application of the Tier 3A Methodology is used, and contributions from the National Aviation Emissions Inventory, 2019, from the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC). As results obtained are the quantification of emissions from the design of stages and segments from 160,778 movements and flights and the conceptualization of axes, areas and corridors and sectors of emissions, and Aeronautical Emissions Zone Plan Plans and Zone Plan of Dispersion of Aeronautical Emissions.