Fungos endofiticos de forrageiras em áreas orgânicas e convencionais: abordagem meta-analitica, do microbioma e de aplicação agrícola

Abstract

The present study had three main objectives, focused on the diversity of endophytic fungi as well as their potential in plant development. The first objective, aimed at understanding the effects of different fungal endophytes on promoting the growth of plant species through a metaanalysis, demonstrated that the isolates resulted in significant benefits in plant development, especially in soils, monocotyledonous plants, and annual cycle plants. The second study aimed to evaluate the microbiome of endophytic fungi in the roots of forage plants from the cerrado, comparing farms with organic and conventional cultivation. The analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of fungal communities, with greater diversity on organic farms. Furthermore, some organisms were essential in differentiating the communities of both groups, with the communities from organic cultivation showing abundant fungi that have been described in other studies for their potential in aiding plant growth. In communities from conventional cultivation, the fungi with sufficient abundance to differentiate the community are commonly described and used due to their potential for resistance and degradation of recalcitrant compounds. Finally, the last study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from the roots of forage plants from organic farms that had potential for plant development. 252 endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of forage plants from organic farms, with 60 showing potential for phosphate solubilization and mineralization, and 18 for the production of indolic compounds. The fungi selected for a fungal consortium (Wickerhamomyces sp. and Sporidiobolus pararoseus) demonstrated positive effects on the height development of Brachiaria Decumbens after 45 days, with different levels of NPK addition. This consortium shows promising potential, although further studies are needed to understand the long-term ynamics of endophytic communities and the impact of the selected consortium.