Análise dos genótipos do vírus dengue no estado do Pará nos anos de 2021 e 2022

Abstract

Dengue is endemic on several continents, its biological agent can be transmitted by vectors that have easy adaptations in tropical and subtropical environments, offering the susceptible population an increased risk of rapid dissemination of diseases with socio-economic impact. The clinical signs and symptoms are extremely similar at the beginning of the infection, and the tests available for diagnosis need to be increasingly sensitive and specific. With the evolution of genetic sequencing techniques, there is an increasing attempt to characterize and identify the different serotypes and genotypes of the dengue virus. Studies in the state of Pará are few or non-existent regarding the most recent genotypes that have circulated in recente years, therefore with access to new technologies, the aim of this research was to achieve a general analysis of the molecular characteristics in addition to the phylogeny of the dengue virus in the state of Pará between 2021 and 2022, based on samples from the national laboratory surveillance diagnostic network, as a sample of the 144 municipalities served by the state's central laboratory. The samples analyzed by the real-time RT-PCR methodology and new generation genetic sequencing totaled 139 samples, 28 evaluated were from the year 2021 and 111 from the year 2022. Based on the quality of the genome obtained, 14 samples from the year 2021 were analyzed in the study and 52 samples from the year 2022. The percentage of municipalities requiring biological samples and included in the study was 19.44%. The prevalent age group was between 19 and 45 years old and for females. 73 samples are excluded for genomic data evaluations. The analyzes carried out through complete genome sequencing for the dengue virus agreed 100% with the RT-qPCR methodology developed in the public health laboratory's diagnostic routine. Serotype 1 was the prevalent one and genotype V was identified based on divergence studies of the E gene in 100% of the samples evaluated. The constant reintroduction of serotype 1 (genotype V) was observed in the state of Pará, which corroborates studies in different regions at different periods in Brazil. This raises awareness of the reintroduction of a second genotype or serotype that has not been circulating in recent years, enabling the emergence of epidemics in endemic regions and an increase in the number of cases.