Estudo e implementação de um controlador PID para aprimoramento de uma máquina de fumaça

Abstract

In the artistic environment, various techniques are used to create a scenic atmosphere, including scenic lighting, which allows conveying different emotions and spatial perceptions to the audience. There are also equipment responsible for generating smoke, which enhances spatial immersion during a performance. Among the types of smoke machines are those that use carbon dioxide (CO2), mineral oil, or water-based fluid, each with its own positives and negatives, as well as providing different effects. The enhanced smoke machine uses alternating current for power and water-based fluid for smoke generation, which is a mixture of glycerin and distilled water. It is basically comprised of a fluid reservoir, a pump, and a heating block. The simpler machines use only a thermostat to activate the heating block; however, this leads to temperature variations and periods where the pump cannot be activated due to the cold resistance, resulting in no smoke output. Given this, the work enhances a simple smoke machine by using a microcontroller to implement a PID (proportional, integral, derivative) controller to maintain a constant temperature. Its implementation is carried out using an ESP32 microcontroller from Espressif®, and an actuator composed of a voltage regulator, where the method of full cycles is used to control the power applied to its heating block.