Análise de microestruturas e propriedades mecânicas de revestimentos obtidos por laser cladding em diferentes ligas metálicas

Abstract

Remanufacturing, associated with digital strategy and additive manufacturing, is crucial for promoting sustainability and extending the lifespan of worn components. Additive manufacturing, especially Laser Cladding, stands out as an innovation that reconfigures traditional processes for the efficient reconstruction of parts, aligning with the principles of the circular economy. This research aims to review the literature on the Laser Cladding process. Additionally, it proposes applying Laser Cladding to restore components made of AISI 4140M and 50CrMo4 steel, constituting the body of the UP and the body of the CRIN, respectively, which are components of diesel engine injectors, addressing material shortage. The analysis includes hardness, microstructure, and roughness tests, validating the method through a comparison between used and new parts. Technical analyses revealed significant challenges for remanufacturing. Roughness tests showed promising values in most samples, except for one UP body sample, which showed deviations, associated with manual grinding, of 3.75% and 7.50% compared to technical specifications. Metallographic results indicated a high incidence of cracks and defects, compromising the project’s viability. In the UP body, there was a presence of coarse martensite and a significant loss of alloying elements to stainless steel. In the CRIN body, there were microcracks and a retemper of up to 1978𝜇m. Such results demonstrated that remanufacturing the UP and CRIN bodies is not feasible.