Aplicação da metodologia LEAN para análise de perdas ocultas em um empreendimento em Apucarana, PR

Abstract

Because it is routinely associated with an unpredictable sector in terms of meeting deadlines, civil construction has numerous inefficiencies and lags in management and management methods in the organizational environment. Among these, it presentes difficulty in diagnosing and solving the manifestations of undesirable phenomena, such as waste and losses. In this context, the proposal for this work arises in order to identify and analyze the types of waste and hidden losses present in the production line of a residential and commercial building. This work seeks to improve management methods through the applicability of the Lean Construction philosophy. The research method was divided into literature review, case study, analysis of the work schedule, application of visual management through the Kanban frame and surveys and classifications of losses and waste identified in the case study, at this stage different Lean tools were applied. At the end of these analyzes, some viable solutions were presented to remedy the losses and waste found in the field and the most recurrent hidden losses in the case study were listed and compared with those of the bibliography studied. In general, it was evidenced that the losses diagnosed are compatible with the large losses of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The analysis of the processes showed that: most of the time spent is directed to necessary processes, but that, due to the form of conduction they end up not adding value to the flow but cost; in most cases the materials are not physically wasted, but used unnecessarily. Finally, losses are bottlenecks that clearly do not only have a person in charge, but especially for their representativeness, the organizational culture influences so that they are considered irrelevant factors for the process, since in general in the study little commitment and interest in the quality of the cycle was observed. Through the case study it was found that the Lean philosophy is fully adequate and applicable to the construction sector because it enables and optimizes productivity, reduces variability and promotes greater predictability and stability without the need for large investments.