Análise da utilização do bambu in natura como material alternativo em construções

Abstract

The construction industry has been receiving significant technological contributions associated with alternative construction materials, with less impact on the environment during the stages of processing to disposal and considering the scarcity of conventional materials. Bamboo in construction has been implemented in order to give the idea of environmental rationality to buildings, guaranteeing their physical and mechanical capabilities. To analyze the viability for regional use of the material in constructions, the present work sought to firstly assess the feasibility of cultivation through field visits to bamboo clumps in the city of Apucarana-PR. For the study of the material in the laboratory, the guidelines of ABNT NBR 16828:2020 Bamboo Structures were followed, guiding the steps of cutting, modeling the specimens and mechanical compression testing of the material. The results point to the viaibility of using the material in regional civil construction, since more than one species of the plant were identified in several points of the urban perimeter. The treatment addressed was not successful for the purpose of preventing fungal attack, possibly due to improper cooking and drying conditions improper of the material. The results of the mechanical tests prove the structural efficiency of bamboo, with average values of 121,45 MPa for tensile strength and 97,48 MPa for compression, however, it is highlighted that the adaptations to the standard may have caused the compromise of the results, indicating that the material would reach higher values for traction. In comparison with work carried out in the region, the methodology proved to be effective for the compression tests, presenting a higher average value than the compared one, wh ile the traction tests showed a failure in the method of the present work. The analysis carried out demonstrates not only the viability for the local cultivation of the plant with constructive purposes, but also the environmental benefits involved in the process, since the plant presents desired characteristics in the stages of planting, extraction and processing. Bamboo therefore has excellent characteristics and can be considered an alternative material for constructions because it is a material with excellent characteristics of compressive and tensile strength, being a light material, available in the region, biodegradable, renewable and non-polluting.