Biog: indústria de biogás

Abstract

The present work presents the theoretical elaboration of BioG: Indústria de Biogás. This will be placed on the market with a plant for the production of electricity using biogas, resulting from the anaerobic digestion of Urban Solid Waste (MSW), using sludge 1 and 2 from Sewage Treatment Stations as inoculum. By carrying out a market analysis, it was noticed the growing search for data related to biogas, as well as the increase in government incentives for the production process, a scenario related to the current search for clean and renewable energy matrices. BioG will position itself as a solution to problems of accumulation of waste in final disposal devices, dependence on fossil fuels, in addition to presenting the use of this gas with a high calorific value to generate electricity, and will be located in the city of Campinas -SP. In addition, the plant will be responsible for reusing the digestate resulting from the fermentation process, as a biofertilizer for agricultural purposes. For this production, a batch system of wet organic matter was chosen as the bioreactor, which comes from 1000 monthly tons of MSW, with storage in a gasometer, to later follow in a continuous flow of purification. This purification process aims to remove corrosive impurities that reduce the calorific potential of the biogas, with the future use of a physical absorption system using the organic solvent Selexol®. Thus, electricity will be generated by means of a gas turbine, which will operate on the combustion of this produced fuel. All equipment was dimensioned, the PFD diagram, energy integration and the layout of the industry were prepared. The estimated production obtained through material and energy balances is 34884 MWh/month of electrical energy. The project used a 20-year loan from the BNDS for investments in equipment, land and construction of the plant. The financial analysis verified the viability of the project with a profitable company and a 6-year payback.