Melhoramento do feijão comum: análise genética, condução e seleção de famílias em sistema orgânico

Abstract

Common bean production is highly important for food security and has stood out as a source of income for organic producers. The objectives of this work were: i) to present a bibliometric analysis of the main objectives of bean breeding in Brazil over different decades; ii), evaluate genetic parameters of F2 populations from four crosses of black and carioca beans under organic management; iii), determine the values of genotypic adaptability and stability in F6 and F7 generations of two carioca bean crosses cultivated in organic, transitional, and conventional environments. In the biliometric study, data were obtained from publications in the Web of Science database, covering the period from the 1980s to 2020. The genetic parameters were evaluated for agronomic, physiological, and tegument color traits of the parents, F1, F2, and backcross generations of two preto bean crosses and two carioca bean crosses, which were also subjected to machine learning analysis .The data on genotypic adaptability and stability were obtained through mixed model analysis, REML/BLUP methodology of 47 families, three parents, and one control. These families were subjected to cultivation in augmented block designs based on Federer's methodology and evaluated across organic, transitional, and conventional environments in both the main season (F6) and off-season (F7). In the bibliometric analysis, it was demonstrated that the bean breeding programs dedicate more efforts to the improvement of carioca bean cultivars. Apart from grain yield and its components, these programs also prioritize developing genetic solutions for disease resistance and drought tolerance. The analysis of genetic information and machine learning data reveals that early selection holds great potential in carioca bean crosses, as evidenced by the similarity of traits observed between the F1 and F2 populations and the parental variety IAC Milênio. These findings suggest that early generation selection could effectively capture desirable traits from the parental line, facilitating the development of improved carioca bean varieties. Through the ranking process based on adaptability, stability, and yield, five specific families have been selected as superior for the conventional system, while four families have been identified as optimal for the transitional and organic systems. The ranking obtained in the organic, transitional, and conventional environments has identified distinct families suitable for each of the three systems. It suggests that cultivars developed 9 and selected within the organic system are more likely to exhibit optimal performance and suitability for organic farming practices.