Danos mecânicos e impurezas em grãos de soja com máquinas colhedoras com sistema de trilha axial e tangencial

Abstract

The soybean crop is widely cultivated in Brazil and in the world, a very expressive commodity in the production of food on a world scale. In order to obtain quality soybeans, it is not enough just to focus efforts on the crop, transport and storage are important stages in the production chain. Grain deterioration problems occur due to poor storage and damage that grains suffer at harvest time. The objective is to compare harvesters with axial and tangential threshing systems with different operating speeds. For this, the percentage of mechanical damage and the percentage of impurities in operation of the harvesters at 3 km/h, 5 km/h and 7 km/h were evaluated. The tangential harvester had the lowest impurity percentage at 5 km/h with 1.96% and the highest at 7 km/h with 6.39%, while the axial harvester had the lowest impurity percentage at 7 km/h with 1.94% and the highest at 3 km/h with 4.85%. For mechanical damage, the tangential harvester had the lowest percentage of mechanical damage at 3 km/h with 12% and the highest at 7 km/h with 19.5%, while the axial harvester had the lowest percentage of damage at 7 km/h with 8.75% and the highest at 3 km/h with 14%. The harvesters behaved inversely, with the tangential harvester increasing its percentage of mechanical damage as its speed increased, while the axial harvester reduced the percentages as its displacement speed increased.