Avaliação de cultivares de trigo na região sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main option for winter cultivation in southern Brazil, with Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul being the main producers in the country. Recently, new cultivars have entered the market, with cultivation recommended for most wheat growing regions, however, the genotype-environment interaction needs to be validated at the regional level. The research work was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus of Dois Vizinhos. A randomized block design with 9 treatments (cultivars) and three replications was used. Tbio Ponteiro showed the highest plant height (86.6 cm) in relation to the other cultivars, not differing only from the BRS Belajóia. Difference in the number of spikelets per square meter between Tbio Ponteiro and Tbio Astro was of 2,446. Tbio Ponteiro cultivar also had the highest number of spikes per square meter (596), differing only from Tbio Audaz, which showed only 360 spikes per square meter. These differences are associated with the tillering capacity of the cultivars. Tbio Trunfo had 30.5 grains per spike, differing from some cultivars such as Tbio Astro and Toruk, with 19.8 and 21.4 respectively. Thousand grain wheight ranged from 33 (Belajóia) to 44 grams (Toruk), with intermediate values for cultivar Fusão (38.7) and Calibre (37). Yield difference between the most productive cultivar (Ponteiro) and the least productive (Toruk) was 959 kg ha-1. Tbio Astro and Caliber allowed the harvest 13 days before the cultivars Tbio Ponteiro and BRS Belajóia. The 523 mm of rain in october affected final grain yield and partially explain the differences among results.