Relação entre temperatura de superfície terrestre e uso e ocupação do solo nos municípios de São Miguel do Oeste e Itapiranga (SC)

Abstract

The growing urbanization that has occurred in Brazilian cities in recent years has had negative consequences for the environment. The large number of buildings and the suppression of vegetation allow the occurrence of so-called “heat islands”, which are urban areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding rural areas due to urbanization. Identified through the images of the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, the temperature of the terrestrial surface and the predominant land uses in the cities of São Miguel do Oeste and Itapiranga in SC, highlighting the areas with higher temperatures, and identifying the effect of heat islands in the urban zone of these cities. Hourly air temperature data were obtained from meteorological stations located in São Miguel do Oeste and Itapiranga, stations controlled by EPAGRI and INMET. The images were processed using the SCP plugin of the QGIS 3.16.5 program, to generate a map of the temperature on the Earth's surface, which served as a basis for identifying the heat islands. The results were compared with the land use and occupation map, which was also generated from the same satellite images. The area of São Miguel do Oeste had a total of 5,770.71 ha, being distributed in Urban Area, Exposed Soil, Undergrowth Vegetation, Arboreal Vegetation and Water. As for the surface temperature recorded, São Miguel do Oeste had a thermal variation between 11.91 °C and 33.93 °C, with tree areas ranging from 11.91 °C to 26.50 °C and the class of urban soil mostly between 22.57 °C to 33.93 °C. The elastic Eta between land use classes and surface temperature for the years studied showed a value ranging from 0.76 to 0.88, considered a significant association. The Itapiranga area had a total of 7,506.00 ha, being distributed in Urban Area, Exposed Soil, Undergrowth Vegetation, Arboreal Vegetation and Water. As for the surface temperature recorded, Itapiranga had a thermal variation between 12.39 °C and 30.12 °C, with tree areas ranging from 12.39 °C to 26.42 °C and urban soil class mostly between 12.39 °C to 30.12 °C. The Eta suspensory between land use classes and surface temperature for the years studied showed a value ranging from 0.71 to 0.88, considered a significant association.