Avaliação e estimativa de correlação espectral de variáveis biofísicas e bioquímicas causada por fitonematoides na cultura do milho

Abstract

Corn is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, the only one whose production has already surpassed the 1-billion-ton mark. being the main source of energy within the process of animal nutrition in the food and beverage industry, in addition to being an important energy matrix in the production of biofuels such as ethanol as a source of renewable energy. The objective was to evaluate the biophysical and biochemical dynamics of the second-crop corn crop using spectral images to diagnose spatial variability in the interaction of phytopathogens from the order of nematodes through the use of a multispectral sensor embedded in an airborne platform - UAV in sowing corn hybrids in three locations. Applying the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index - NDVI, Normalized Difference Red Edge - NDRE and Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index - WDRVI. The study was carried out in the municipality of Serranópolis do Iguaçu, where flights were performed using a UAV model Spectral 2 equipped with multispectral sensors model ALTUM by MicaSense, reading RGB, NIR, Red Edge and TIR. The images were automatically flown through the flight plan with the computational program NControl, later georeferenced, orthorectified and derived from thematic maps of vegetation indices by the computational program MapperPIX4D 4.6.4. To determine the IVs, the flights were performed at three different times. It was found that the magnitude of the variance of the interaction between the maize hybrids with certainty in the condition with the presence of nematodes and without the presence of nematodes was significant among the estimated parameters. The use of the thermal map associated with the NDVI showed strong control in the selection of regions with nematode recipients with a negative effect on the corn crop. The NDRE vegetation index expressed a longer period of investigation in this research, of the photosynthetically active biomass in relation to the NDVI. Both environment 1 - HIB1, environment 2 - HIB2 and environment 3 - HIB3 maize hybrid IVs were effective tools to collect data on spatial variability and transformative effects caused by nematode action.