Influência do uso de mix de plantas de coberturas sobre plantas daninhas na cultura da soja

Abstract

The present study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos and aimed to evaluate the effect of cover crops in suppressing weeds in the soybean crop. The experiment consisted of 2 mixes composed of 4 /cover plant species and 4 replications, in a completely randomized block experimental design. Consisting of plant coverings, namely: black oat (Avena strigosa) x Ukrainian oat (Avena sativa L) x common vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) consortium, white oat (A. sativa L.) x rye (Secale cereale L.) x fodder radish (Raphanus sativus), flax culture (Linum usitatissimum) in single cultivation and fallow formed by spontaneous plants. The evaluations carried out were: weed control; evaluation of the dry matter mass of cover crops; Soil seed bank of weeds; Identification of weed species present in the middle of the covers; Soybean productivity parameters (weight of a thousand grains; number of plants per area; number of pods per plant; number of grains per pod and final productivity). Despite the climatic conditions that occurred in 2022, it was possible to verify by the dry matter production presented by the winter forage crops, it is highly recommended to maintain the cultivated areas in a no-tillage system with plants during the winter. The cover species did not interfere in most of the variables analyzed in soybeans, the treatment with the consortium white oats x rye x forage turnip, the productivity and weight of a thousand grains showed quantities superior to the control and were superior in dry mass production for covering the soybean. ground. The fallow provided a greater number of weeds in the field and in the germination of the seed bank. The weed species that remained in greater numbers during the treatments were: Conyza bonariensis and Raphanus sativus L.