Condições de saneamento e desigualdade em populações indígenas

Abstract

The indigenous population grew from 294,000 to 734,000 people in just nine years. However, indigenous peoples are the most neglected when it comes to basic sanitation. According to the 2010 Demographic Census, there is an inequality between indigenous peoples' access to basic sanitation and non-indigenous peoples. Sanitation comprises water supply, sanitary sewage and effluent treatment services, collection and final disposal of solid waste, urban drainage and vector control, associated with health aspects and the natural and built environment. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze and describe the presence of basic sanitation infrastructure and social inequality in indigenous populations, compared to non-indigenous peoples. The present study was developed from the search of census data collected by the IBGE, articles, books and other publications. The data were obtained from the Demographic Census carried out by the IBGE in 1991, 2000 and 2010. The water supply service by the general network grew in all major regions of the country, however, unevenly. The Northeast region showed the highest growth. Sanitary sewage showed the highest growth in the South region. Ultimately, garbage collection showed the highest growth in the northern region in relation to the 2000 census. In general, households occupied by indigenous peoples were those with the lowest prevalence of basic sanitation services in all analyzed strata. From the analysis of the results of the last demographic censuses, it is possible to notice the difference in the distribution of general services of basic sanitation between the characteristics (color/race) and Brazilian regions.