Comportamento de genótipos de feijão sobre diferentes tipos de cultivo

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a very important in the human diet populations, including the Brazilian one, due to its nutritional qualities and its tradition in Brazilian cuisine. The definition of the most suitable type of cultivation for a given culture allows for an increase in the productive potential and contributes to the preservation of the environment. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of common bean genotypes in different types of cultivation. Conventional crop systems and using integrated pest and disease management (MIPD) were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the 2020 second season with the sowing of four common bean genotypes, at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Campus Dois Vizinhos/PR. The genotypes were IPR Uirapuru, IPR Sabia, CNFRS L558 and Pardinho. The experimental model used was that of randomized blocks, with three replications, where the plots were composed of four lines of four meters in length, separated by 0.45 m, totaling 3.6 m² of usable area. The behavior of each genotype was evaluated regarding phenology, yield components, yield, cooking time and protein content. The phenology was analyzed according to the number of days until flowering (NDF) and the length of the genotype cycle. Yield components (A1V, AUV, AUV-A1V, NVP, NGP, NGV and PCG) were evaluated from the analysis of ten plants randomly harvested from the useful area of each plot. Yield was estimated from the processing and weighing of grains harvested from the plants in the useful area of each plot. Cooking time was estimated using the Mattson cooker. Protein content was estimated using the Kjeldahl methodology. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% significance (p<0.05) and the means were compared using the Scott Knott test. Regarding phenology, the NDF of the genotypes was 45 days for conventional cultivation and 43 days for MIPD. The cycle length was the same for all genotypes, with 95 days. As for the yield components, there was great variability in the response between crop types and between genotypes. The genotypes IPR Uirapuru (914.93 kg ha-1) and CNFRS L558 (779.35 kg ha-1) formed the group with the highest productivity. The Pardinho genotype had the longest cooking time, with 26.27 minutes. Regarding the crude protein content, there was a small variation between the averages, between 27.05% for conventional cultivation and 26.35% for MIPD.