Análise dos impactos ambientais causados pela implantação do contorno noroeste no município de Pato Branco, Paraná

Abstract

Highways causes great environmental impacts, that can happen in physical, biotic and anthropic environment and bring several issues to natures and human life quality. Brazil has a range of laws aimed at environmental protection and conservation, presenting requirements for obtaining environmental licenses, conditions for reforestation of native forest, areas destined for permanent preservation, among other aspects seeking environmental safety along with socio-economic development. The environmental evaluation can be done through different methods, like matrices method, map overlay method, and others. In this work, the environmental analysis of the Contorno Noroeste of Pato Branco was carried out through the map overlay method, overlaying maps of different environmental characteristics to analyze spots of greatest risk, where it was possible to identify four main areas of impacts in the area of influence direct of the road in its extension. The results showed spots of intersection with Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), responsible for the protection of rivers that cross the road, and places at risk of soil erosion and landslides. Thereby, it was concluded that the implementation of the section will cause negative environmental impacts in physical and biotic environment, due to the great number of intersections at PPA, causing deforestation of native vegetation and exposure of rivers, and the current soil conditions, contributing to increased erosion. It was also carried out an analysis of the Simplified Environmental Reports, developed for the environmental licensing of the road using the matrix method, to analyze the impacts considered, the mitigation measures presented and perform a brief comparison between the results obtained through the two methods, where it was found that the vegetation area directly affected by the construction presented significantly different values in the two papers, due to the considerations adopted. Lastly, it was concluded that the proposed mitigation measures and reforestation of native forests must be carried out so the implementation of the highway can be offset by the positive impacts generated in the socio-economic environment.