Aplicação de supercapacitores no acionamento de veículos elétricos para aumento da vida útil do sistema de armazenamento de energia

Abstract

This work presents an analysis of the use of supercapacitors in electric vehicles to help preserve the battery life cycle. Initially, a theoretical review of the main topic used in the development of the present work is presented, which are: electric vehicles, energy storage devices, regenerative braking, direct current electric machine, and energy static converters. Then the proposed drive structure for the electric vehicle, subsystems, and circuit configurations of the static converters are presented. An energy management strategy was developed to use supercapacitors to minimize the life cycle wear of the battery, especially in high current situations, such as starts and braking. The electric vehicle drive system was simulated together with battery and supercapacitors, integrating energy management between the energy storage devices used for traction of the electric vehicle and during energy regeneration. After the simulation, a prototype of the system was implemented in the test bench of the laboratory, to carry out the analysis of the system’s behavior. Through the results obtained in the experimental tests of the prototype, it was possible to prove the use of supercapacitors for starting the electric vehicle and in the energy regeneration, thus avoiding the wear life cycle of the battery.