Análise comparativa de mercados de energia elétrica em países com alto índice de geração por fontes alternativas

Abstract

The increasing share of intermittent renewable sources in the electricity sector requires changes in the dynamics of the electricity market. The intermittence of renewable energy is a feature that differs it from conventional sources, both in electricity generation and commercialization. Markets adapt to these sources in a variety of ways, facing different challenges according to their electrical mix and targets for the future of the electricity sector. Brazil seeks to be more attractive to investments and to become more competitive in new market designs with a diverse electric mix, increasing the shares of intermittent renewable resources. Thus, this paper seeks to identify, through a systematic literature review, the challenges faced by electricity markets with high shares of generation by alternative sources and how to overcome them. This paper presents the electricity markets of Brazil, Denmark, Spain, Ireland and United Kingdom. It compares the challenges identified in the literature review and how countries adapt to overcome them. Finally, the challenges and solutions are summarized and the possible problems and solutions for the large insertion of intermittent energy sources in the brazilian energy market are pointed out. The main actions being taken to upgrade the brazilizan electricity market were identified. The most recent and significant changes are highlighted: the stablishment of the Work Group for the Modernization of the Electric Sector, with the objective to conduct studdies which will favor the dialogue with the stakeholders for the process of decision making for the modernization of the sector; the reduction of the short time price formation, adopting the hourly settlement price, to adapt to the intermittence of alternative sources; and the process of gradual liberalization of the market, by reducing the minimum demand necessary to take part in the liberalized market.