Avaliação do desempenho térmico em sistemas construtivos da Vila Tecnológica de Curitiba como subsídio para a escolha de tecnologias apropriadas em habitação de interesse social

Abstract

Low-cost housing projects in developing countries encompasses a broad range of issues starting from the choice of the building site, to the construction phase and finally to the evaluation of the building itself. For tropical climates, the thermal evaluation of low-cost dwellings should be primarily related to the optimization of internal comfort conditions. Usually low-cost housing projects are implemented in the same way throughout Brazil, without concern to the climatic region. In this way, the same building system is applied in cities with very distinct characteristics. To correct these distortions, research projects such as the Normalização em Conforto Ambiental are being developed in Brazil, with the aim of helping to establish standards which promote buildings that are adequate for the climate. The Technological Village of Curitiba, the first to be implemented in Brazil, consists of one hundred occupied houses, and twenty houses in the Street of Technologies which are displayed for public visitation, built with different materials and building systems. The first step of the present research consisted of a thorough evaluation of the thermal performance of the Village’s eighteen different building systems. The houses were occupied during the monitoring of air temperature and relative humidity, which were carried out in winter and in summer. Measured data were then compared to specific parameters based on the recommendations of the Brazilian Comfort Norm. The last step of the research was to perform a parametric analysis of wall and roof transmittance, inertia and solar factor and, by doing só, subsidize the development of the referred Norm. In this analysis, statistical evaluations were performed in order to verify the influence of the mentioned parameters in the thermal performance of low-cost houses.